pd code standards
notes on Pd's source from notes.txt Pd 0.37.1
You can see the current version of this file in CVS:
http://pure-data.cvs.sourceforge.net/pure-data/pd/src/notes.txt?view=markup
--------------------- source notes --------------------------
0. structure definition roadmap. First, the containment tree of things
that can be sent messages ("pure data"). (note that t_object and t_text,
and t_graph and t_canvas, should be unified...)
------------ BFFORE 0.35: ---------
m_pd.h t_pd anything with a class
t_gobj "graphic object"
t_text text object
g_canvas.h
t_glist list of graphic objects
g_canvas.c t_canvas Pd "document"
------------ AFTER 0.35: ---------
m_pd.h t_pd anything with a class
t_gobj "graphic object"
t_text patchable object, AKA t_object
g_canvas.h t_glist list of graphic objects, AKA t_canvas
... and other structures:
g_canvas.h t_selection -- linked list of gobjs
t_editor -- editor state, allocated for visible glists
m_imp.h t_methodentry -- method handler
t_widgetbehavior -- class-dependent editing behavior for gobjs
t_parentwidgetbehavior -- objects' behavior on parent window
t_class -- method definitions, instance size, flags, etc.
1. C coding style. The source should pass most "warnings" of C compilers
(-Wall on linux, for instance; see the makefile.) Some informalities
are intentional, for instance the loose use of function prototypes (see
below) and uncast conversions from longer to shorter numerical formats.
The code doesn't respect "const" yet.
1.1. Prefixes in structure elements. The names of structure elements always
have a K&R-style prefix, as in ((t_atom)x)->a_type, where the "a_" prefix
indicates "atom." This is intended to enhance readability (although the
convention arose from a limitation of early C compilers.) Common prefixes are
"w_" (word), "a_" (atom), "s_" (symbol), "ob_" (object), "te_" (text object),
"g_" (graphical object), and "gl_" (glist, a list of graphical objects). Also,
global symbols sometimes get prefixes, as in "s_float" (the symbol whose string
is "float). Typedefs are prefixed by "t_". Most _private_ structures, i.e.,
structures whose definitions appear in a ".c" file, are prefixed by "x_".
1.2. Function arguments. Many functions take as their first
argument a pointer named "x", which is a pointer to a structure suggested
by the function prefix; e.g., canvas_dirty(x, n) where "x" points to a canvas
(t_canvas *x).
1.3. Function Prototypes. Functions which are used in at least two different
files (besides where they originate) are prototyped in the appropriate include
file. Functions which are provided in one file and used in one other are
prototyped right where they are used. This is just to keep the size of the
".h" files down for readability's sake.
1.4. Whacko private terminology. Some terms are lifted from other historically
relevant programs, notably "ugen" (which is just a tilde object; see d_ugen.c.)
1.5. Spacing. Tabs are 8 spaces; indentation is 4 spaces. Indenting
curly brackets are by themselves on their own lines, as in:
if (x)
{
x = 0;
}
Lines should fit within 80 spaces.
2. Max patch-level compatibility. "Import" and "Export" functions are
provided which aspire to strict compatibility with 0.26 patches (ISPW version),
but which don't get anywhere close to that yet. Where possible, features
appearing on the Mac will comeday also be provided; for instance, the connect
message on the Mac offers segmented patch cords; these will devolve into
straight lines in Pd. Many, many UI objects in Opcode Max will not appear in
Pd, at least at first.
3. Compatibility with Max 0.26 "externs", i.e., source-level compatibility. Pd
objects follow the style of 0.26 objects as closely as possible, making
exceptions in cases where the 0.26 model is clearly deficient. These are:
3.1. Anything involving the MacIntosh "Handle" data type is changed to use
char * or void * instead.
3.2. Pd passes true single-precision floating-point arguments to methods;
Max uses double.
Typedefs are provided:
t_floatarg, t_intarg for arguments passed by the message system
t_float, t_int for the "word" union (in atoms, for example.)
3.3. Badly-named entities got name changes:
w_long --> w_int (in the "union word" structure)
3.4. Many library functions are renamed and have different arguments;
I hope to provide an include file to alias them when compiling Max externs.
4. Function name prefixes.
Many function names have prefixes which indicate what "package" they belong
to. The exceptions are:
typedmess, vmess, getfn, gensym (m_class.c)
getbytes, freebytes, resizebytes (m_memory.c)
post, error, bug (s_print.c)
which are all frequently called and which don't fit into simple categories.
Important packages are:
(pd-gui:) pdgui -- everything
(pd:) pd -- functions common to all "pd" objects
obj -- fuctions common to all "patchable" objects ala Max
sys -- "system" level functions
binbuf -- functions manipulating binbufs
class -- functions manipulating classes
(other) -- functions common to the named Pd class
5. Source file prefixes.
PD:
s system interface
m message system
g graphics stuff
d DSP objects
x control objects
z other
PD-GUI:
t TK front end